Transformer oil testing transformer testing california. In th international conference on optimization of electrical and electronic equipment, 2426 may, 2012, brasov, romania pp. Pcbs determination in transformer oil by spe and gas. Pcbs congener mix and aroclor1254 were added to the diluted oil sample to final concentrations of 0,2 and 0,5 g ml1 for each compounds for pcbs and to the total. Power transformers utilize oil as a heat transfer medium and a dielectric material, together with cellulose. For that we have first to take exactly 1 gram of insulating oil. Apr 29, 2016 transformer oil which is obtained by fractional distillation of crude oil serves many purposes in a transformer insulation. This test measures the voltage at which the oil electrically breaks down. Test parameters test method ref standard 01 interfacial tension ring method is.
If a proactive approach is adopted based on the condition of the transformer oil, the life of the transformer can be extended. Oil testing capabilities doble engineering company. The chart on the left can serve as a guideline but does not take into consideration the transformers operating environment. Aug 30, 2019 transformer oil also known as insulating oil is a special type of oil which has excellent electrical insulating properties and is stable at high temperatures. Measuring the interfacial tension and the organic acidity of oil, confirmed the lack of. Acidity test of transformer oil is very important test for analyzing the oxidation of transformer oil. The test gives an indication of the amount of contaminants water and oxidation particles in the oil. About 78% of these are testing equipment, 8% are other test instruments. From the test results it shall be identified that acidity content is high for degraded oil. As oil has to be broken down into very specific forms such as transformer oil, making sure it is still in the correct form is an essential process. Testing sequences and procedures are defined by various international standards, many of them set by astm. The acidity level of transformer oil is measured as per british standard bs2000 part 1.
Aging assessment of power transformer using multiparameters. Of course there are exceptions to this rule as the sampling point. The breakdown voltage analyzer test cell equipped with a moisture. Transformer oil is used in oil filled electrical power transformers to insulate, stop arcing and corona discharge, and to dissipate the heat of the transformer i. In this paper, we will study about the transformer oil filtration machine and how it purifies the contaminated transformer oil. Transformer oil testing and oil analysis transformer oil and other insulating liquids suffer from electrical and mechanical stresses while a transformer is in operation. The effect of acid accumulation in powertransformer oil on the aging rate of paper insulation article pdf available in ieee electrical insulation magazine 303.
Relative to specific gravity of the insulating fluid. Pdf predicting transformers oil parameters researchgate. Pdf significance of transformer oil testing researchgate. Calculation of the remaining lifetime of power transformers paper insulation. The effect of acid accumulation in powertransformer oil. Dissolved gas analysis is the single most important test performed on oils from transformers. All data can be downloaded either as adobe pdf or in text format by email for import into the delta x transformer oil analyst program, or databases such as.
Transformer oil testing parameters and test methods. Flush approximately 2 to 3 liters of oil before taking the sample. All connection areas between the transformer side and the glass syringe, including the drain valve, must be super clean. Further, frequency domain spectroscopy fds as a novel nondestructive testing technique to estimate remained life expectancy is included in aging evaluation system. Our 50 years of experience in transformer oil analysis guarantees precise and accurate analytical results. Dissolved gasinoil analysis the most important test that can be done on the liquid insulation of a transformer is an annual dissolved gas analysis dga. The insulating material should sustain the voltage up to its dielectric strength. Performance of natural ester as a transformer oil in moisturerich. Transformer oil, a type of insulating and cooling oil used in transformers and other electrical equipment, needs to be tested periodically to ensure that it is still fit for purpose. After the transformer oil test is completed, the insulation oil is stirred automatically and the test sequence is performed repeatedly. Mean and standard deviation representation of acidity with age. Actual oil bdv predicted oil bdv size of testing set samples prediction accuracy 1 96.
These include the chemical and causes of the specific physical properties of the test oils. Dissolved gas in oil analysis, screen tests, water content, metalsinoil, and polychlorinated biphenyl pcb content. There are several methods of interpreting dissolved gas analysis data in transformers filled with beta fluid. This sample was diluted in 10 times with hexane by epa method 3580. In this article, we will examine the value and benefits of each test. In chapter three and four, an extended discussion on the transformer oil properties is made, taking into consideration the eleven most important ones. The electrical properties of oil can suddenly change due to changes in oxidation, acids, sludge gas and even water absorption, so thats why its essential to regularly test oil samples for. Transformer oil is used in oilfilled electrical power transformers to insulate, stop arcing and corona discharge, and to dissipate the heat of the transformer i. Transformer oil market share industry analysis and forecast. Transformer oil testing quick, simple and onsite b2hv. Dissolved gas analysis guide for transformers filled with.
The effect of moisture on the breakdown voltage of transformer oil. The transformer oil is used in the transformer for insulation as well as for cooling purpose. The acidity of insulating oil is generally measured by the required quantity in milligram of koh to entirely neutralize the acidity of a specific quantity in gram of the oil. If results from a periodic test raise a red flag, the frequency should be increased. Requires 1 litre of oil in a polyethylene container. Procedures for drawing transformer oil samples general sampling electrical insulating oil for laboratory analysis requires care to ensure that the sample is representative of the product being sampled. Megger test and the breakdown strength, interfacial. Transformer oil surrounds and insulates the coil windings in highvoltage transformers. Regular sampling and testing of insulation oil taken from transformers is a valuable technique in a preventative maintenance pr ogram. Calculation of the remaining lifetime of power transformers.
Use our free transformer asset management tool to automatically assess your transformer s health. Evaluation of transformer condition using individual and tdcg concentrations. For example, if the specific gravity of water is 1. Transformer oil analysis testing service for monitoring the condition of transformer oils routine testing of transformer insulating oil is an essential maintenance function that ensures a safe working environment and helps eliminate the possibility of disrupted production resulting from a transformer failure or explosion. Dielectric strength, specific resistance, dielectric dissipation factor.
For typical power transformer, with an oil to paper ratio of 20. But as you migrate away from engine oils into industrial oils the 500 ppm detection limit continue reading. These contamination issues can be tracked by an analysis of. Table 2 furan content ppm dp value significance 00. Some of the most common tests for transformer oil are. A severe increase in neutralization number can be detrimental to the insulation system. The recommended frequency of transformer oil analysis is dependent on both the voltage and power. Before attempting to draw the sample identify the type of cooling liquid in the transformer. Transformer oil tests dielectric breakdown voltage min value 1mm gap 2mm gap 23 40 28 47 30 50 neutralisation number acidity mg kohg max value 0.
Our procedures allow for complete traceability from the time a sample is created using our online ms oil lims software until we produce your final test report. The effect of acid accumulation in powertransformer oil on. Transformer oil market share industry analysis and. Transformer oil acidity test is carried out using a transformer oil acidity kit. Morgan schaffer pioneered dissolved gas analysis dga in america. Transformer and oilfilled reactor installation procedure sp. Dissolved gasin oil analysis the most important test that can be done on the liquid insulation of a transformer is an annual dissolved gas analysis dga. With its roots in engine oil analysis the quick and simple test is considered effective in detecting over 500 ppm of water. The transformer oil testing device measures and reports the root mean square value of the breakdown voltage. Detects most internal faults, some external faults and some operational errors. The results from the testing are summarized in table 4. In 2014, the consumption of transformer oils was 1,437.
Transformer oil test parameters for ageing assessment 28, 80. Transformer testing, transformer oil analysis lab, transformer oil test lab, oil transformer test sl no. Transformer oil reservoir must be under positive pressure. The pure transformer oil sample without pcbs was chosen for the preparation of experimental modeling solutions. During operation, the oil oxidizes and the oxidation products accumulate in. Clornoil 50 test kit in order to classify them as either pcb or nonpcb i. Moreover, a software system based on transformers electrical and thermal parameters is developed correspondingly, by using a multiparameters. Sampling from the bottom would provide the most water content in the fluid. Acidity test of transformer insulating oil electrical4u. Transformer oil which is obtained by fractional distillation of crude oil serves many purposes in a transformer insulation. Each piece of equipment was te sted once with the test kit. Transformer oil analysis accredited test labs inspection. Using a combination of these diagnostic tests allows the oil to.
Ageing assessment of transformer insulation through oil test. Tops is a set of specifications developed and maintained by the doble oil committee and is the basis for the annual oil survey testing. Transformer oil analyst software, the fault condition of the transformer can be diagnosed. Characteristics of transformer oil requirement method of test 12 oxidation stability after 164 hrs.
Power transformer diagnostics, monitoring and design. The effects of temperature, electric field, water, and oxygen on the longterm operation of a transformer results in the breakdown of cellulose chains in insulating paper and produces furan derivatives dissolved in transformer oil 4567. Dec 27, 2019 the transformer oil is used in the transformer for insulation as well as for cooling purpose. The following are the methods that are recommended by dielectric systems, inc. Minimum standard specific resistance of transformer oil at 90c is 35. As the name implies, this test analyzes the type and quantity of gases that are dissolved in the transformer oil.
The crackle test has always been an accepted test within the oil analysis community. Causes of acidity in insulating oil in insulating oil in the transformer may occasionally come into contact with air. During operation, the oil oxidizes and the oxidation products accumulate in the transformer oil. The acidity test is conducted to measure the acidity content in the transformer oil. An oil sample tube and syringe is used to draw, retain and transport the oil sample in the same condition as it is inside a transformer with all fault gases dissolved in it. Gases generate by degradation of fluid or cellulose. Due to the ultra fast voltage switchoff at flash over transformer oil tests that should be performed annually with the dissolved gas analysis 6. Use the transformers main drain valve for oil collection for the best results.
These contamination issues can be tracked by an analysis of transformer oil. Jan 22, 2018 after the transformer oil test is completed, the insulation oil is stirred automatically and the test sequence is performed repeatedly. This test can give an early indication of abnormal behavior of the transformer. As the insulating materials in a transformer break down due to thermal and electrical stresses, gaseous byproducts are formed. Service contract for carrying out the transformer oil. Due to the ultra fast voltage switchoff at flash over as per is. In addition there are contaminations caused due to chemical interactions with windings and other solid insulations, catalyzed by high operating temperature. This report includes the classifications of transformer oil under composition and additives and it also includes the different types contamination that can occur in a transformer. A random sample of 937 of the clornoil negatives were tested by gas chromatography to confirm the results. Many companies use the doble transformer oil purchase specification tops and the annual oil survey to qualify oil suppliers, using these materials as independent assessments of commercially available oils. Gray transformer chemistry services introduction the fault free operation of power transformers is a factor of major economic importance and safety in power supply utilities and industrial consumers of electricity. An internal fault in a transformer can be discovered earliest using this test method. Transformer oil also known as insulating oil is a special type of oil which has excellent electrical insulating properties and is stable at high temperatures.
The different insulating materials have different dielectric strength. Transformer oil testing measurement of interfacial tension for ensuring the quality of transformers. Same nine samples were investigated for acidity value by means of. The byproducts are characteristic of the type of incipientfault condition. Transformer oil analysis provides a highly accurate indication of the internal condition of a transformer. A wide variety of transformer oil tester options are available to you, such as usage, power. Specific gravity of transformer oil, where to draw your sample.
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